Reviving Peranakan Culture: A Balancing Act Between Popularity and Heritage

SINGAPORE - "Eleven thirty." This phrase, a teasing remark in Hokkien, once made Alvin Yapp question his identity as a Chinese Peranakan. It implied that he was stuck between two worlds, or “not quite Chinese enough.”

Recalling his childhood, Yapp shared, "I grew up feeling that being Peranakan was often looked down upon." However, the resulting curiosity about his heritage led him to embrace and promote his culture, especially through his living museum, The Intan, in Joo Chiat.

The Rise of Peranakan Culture

In recent years, the Peranakan community, which encompasses diverse mixed-heritage groups such as Chinese, Arab, Indian, and Jawi Peranakans, has experienced a renaissance in Singapore. Yapp and others have observed a growing interest in these traditions, fueled by engaging entertainment, heritage initiatives, and increased public awareness.

According to social historian Seng Guo-Quan, although the Chinese Peranakan community is relatively small, its members are vibrant players in the cultural scene, actively involved in museums, theater, and music. Major events, like the upcoming 37th Baba Nyonya International Convention in Penang from November 20 to 22, are expected to gather hundreds from the peranakan associations.

Television shows, such as Mediacorp's The Little Nyonya, have made significant contributions to the mainstream visibility of Peranakan culture. Its 2025 spin-off is anticipated to continue the trend of fascination and appreciation.

Growing Interest and Concerns

The awareness of heritage symbols, such as the kebaya and the colorful Peranakan shophouses in the Katong-Joo Chiat precinct, has increased appreciation for the culture among Singaporeans. Services related to Peranakan traditions have become more popular, but this growing visibility raises questions about cultural appropriation and the risk of authenticity being diluted.

The Peranakan Association Singapore (TPAS) reported a steady increase in membership, reaching around 2,400 by June 2026. This growth includes a noteworthy number of non-Peranakans and younger Singaporeans, attributed in part to activities focused on traditional cooking, language, and games.

Yapp mentioned a 30% rise in visitors to The Intan over the last three to five years, hosting around 200 guests each month. Recent partnerships, like ones with Starbucks and Singapore Airlines, highlight the culture’s expanding recognition.

However, there are concerns. Community members are apprehensive that the increasing mainstream popularity might trivialize what it means to be Peranakan. Recent TikTok videos featured performances that upset many, with critics arguing such portrayals misrepresent the culture.

A Cultural Legacy to Uphold

With cultural evolution comes responsibility. The community feels a strong obligation to nurture curiosity about their heritage into a deeper understanding. Laurence Tan, a businessman with Peranakan roots, emphasized that a passing interest can lead to a superficial grasp of cultural practices.

Soh, a prominent figure in the community, pointed out that Peranakan identity has always been an evolving tapestry, reflecting various influences. Clothing and culinary traditions are adapting while still maintaining the intricate craftsmanship and history that defines them.

For instance, kebaya designer Raymond Wong is embracing contemporary styles and materials to make the attire more accessible while preserving its unique essence. Meanwhile, younger individuals like 10-year-old Matthias Teo are being introduced to traditional dishes, fostering a new generation's appreciation.

However, some Peranakan traditions, particularly those traditionally passed down through women, face dilution in modern times. The Chee sisters, who proudly represent the 11th generation of Peranakans, express worries that essential practices are fading due to lifestyle changes and increasing secularism in society.

To counter this, community leaders are working diligently to pass on Peranakan customs. Jeffs, the first female president of TPAS, highlighted their ongoing efforts to introduce innovative programs, emphasizing that engagement is crucial to sustaining the culture.

A Future Grounded in Tradition

Despite challenges, there remains a profound enthusiasm within the Peranakan community to ensure that their heritage is not only preserved but thrives. Members are encouraging one another to maintain traditions through engaging workshops, cultural performances, and family gatherings focused on sharing recipes and stories.

Ultimately, the evolution of Peranakan culture could lead to a revitalization that honors its rich history while inviting new interpretations. Support from both the current generation and the interest of outsiders may play a crucial role in how this vibrant culture continues to flourish, ensuring that future generations can proudly say, “I am Peranakan.”